Chi???n l???c l???i ???t nhi???u m???c gi?? ??? mua v?? b??n ti???m n??ng trong m???t kho???ng x??c ???nh. Khi c??c l???nh ???c kh???p, t??i kho???n t??ch l??y t???n kho v?? c?? th??? ???t c??c l???nh ???i ???ng ??? nh???ng m???c kh??c. Kho???ng c??ch l???i, kh???i l???ng, l???ng t???n kho ban ???u, t??i c??n b???ng, chi ph?? v?? h??nh vi ngo??i kho???ng gi?? ???u l?? c??c ph???n c???u th??nh ph???ng ph??p. Bi???u ??? g???m c??c ???ng c??ch ???u nhau kh??ng th??? hi???n ???c m???c ??? r???i ro v??? th??? th???c t??? c???a t??i kho???n.
L???i l?? m???t quy t???c qu???n l?? l???nh v?? l???ng t???n kho, ch??? kh??ng ph???i d??? b??o r???ng gi?? s??? duy tr?? trong d???i dao ???ng. L???i giao ngay s??? d???ng ti???n m???t v?? t??i s???n; l???i h???p ???ng t???ng lai c?? th??? t???o tr???ng th??i v??? th??? long ho???c short v?? c?? th??? b??? sung quy t???c ???n b???y, funding rate v?? thanh l??. B???n khuy???n c??o r???i ro ti???n m?? h??a c???a CFTC gi???i th??ch r???ng ???n b???y khu???ch ???i r???i ro v?? c??c bi???n ???ng b???t l???i c?? th??? bu???c b??? sung k?? qu??? ho???c ???ng v??? th??? b???t bu???c; quy t???c h???p ???ng v?? quy t???c s??n quy???t ???nh c?? ch??? th???c t???. C??c c???u h??nh trung l???p, thi??n v??? long ho???c thi??n v??? short kh???i ???u v???i c??c m???c r???i ro v??? th??? kh??c nhau. Nh???ng l???a ch???n n??y thay ???i chi???n l???c ???c ki???m th???, v?? v???y h??y g???i t??n ch??ng r?? r??ng tr???c khi so s??nh k???t qu???.
Ch???n quy t???c kho???ng c??ch tr???c khi ki???m th???
Kho???ng c??ch s??? h???c duy tr?? ch??nh l???ch gi?? c??? ???nh gi???a c??c m???c. Kho???ng c??ch h??nh h???c duy tr?? t??? l??? c??? ???nh, do ??? b???c ph???n tr??m l?? t???ng t??? nhau tr??n to??n b??? d???i gi??. Trong c??? hai thi???t k???, c???n ph??n bi???t c??c c???p mua/b??n ??? ho??n t???t v???i gi?? tr??? v?? l??i ho???c l??? ch??a th???c hi???n c???a l???ng t???n kho c??n l???i. B??i vi???t n??y s??? d???ng ch??ng nh?? c??c danh m???c s??? c??i t??ch bi???t cho v?? d??? gi??? ???nh; c??c s??n giao d???ch c?? th??? b??o c??o ch??ng theo c??ch kh??c.
???i v???i v?? d??? ch??? d??ng ch??? s???, h??y l???y kho???ng $90???$110 ???c chia th??nh b???n kho???ng tr???ng. C??c m???c s??? h???c l?? $90, $95, $100, $105 v?? $110. C??c m???c h??nh h???c x???p x??? $90, $94.63, $99.50, $104.62 v?? $110. Ch??ng ph??n b??? c??ng c??c ??i???m ???u cu???i theo c??ch kh??c nhau. C??? hai c?? ch??? kho???ng c??ch ???u kh??ng th??? bi???t li???u b???c di chuy???n ti???p theo c?? ???o chi???u hay kh??ng, v?? c??c gi?? tr??? minh h???a kh??ng ???c hi???u ch???nh theo m???t token ho???c ???c l???ng ??? bi???n ???ng c??? th???.
Theo d??i v?? d??? hai m???c gi??? ???nh
Gi??? s??? m???t l???i giao ngay gi??? ???nh b???t ???u kh??ng c?? t??i s???n v?? c?? $200 s??? d?? y???t gi?? b???ng ??? la. N?? ???t l???nh mua m???t ???n v??? t???i 98 v?? 96. N???u c??? hai kh???p, t??i kho???n n???m gi??? hai ???n v??? ???c mua v???i t???ng s??? ti???n $194 v?? c??n $6 ti???n m???t. Gi?? mua trung b??nh l?? $97 m???i ???n v???.
B??y gi??? gi??? s??? gi?? sau ??? t??ng qua c??c m???c b??n t???i 100 v?? 98, ???ng m???t ???n v??? t???i m???i m???c. Ch??nh l???ch g???p l?? $2 tr??n m???i c???p, ho???c $4 t???ng c???ng. Ph?? giao d???ch l??m gi???m k???t qu??? ???. Trang bi???u ph?? c???a Hyperliquid hi???n ni??m y???t m???c ph?? c?? s??? b???c 0 cho maker giao ngay l?? 0.04% v?? taker l?? 0.07%; b???c ph?? th???c t??? ph??? thu???c v??o kh???i l???ng giao d???ch lu??n chuy???n v?? c??c kho???n gi???m tr??? ???c th?? c???a t??i kho???n. N???u c??? b???n l???n kh???p l???nh gi??? ???nh ???u ???c t??nh l?? l???nh maker kh??ng c?? chi???t kh???u hay ho??n ph??, ph??p t??nh s??? h???c c???a ph?? l?? (98 + 96 + 100 + 98) ?? 0.0004 = $0.1568, c??n l???i $3.8432 tr???c ch??nh l???ch gi?? mua b??n v?? chi ph?? kh??c. N???u c??? b???n l???n kh???p ???u b??? t??nh theo bi???u ph?? taker ni??m y???t, ph?? l?? $0.2744, c??n l???i $3.7256. Bi???u ph?? ???c ki???m tra v??o ng??y 26 th??ng Ch??n n??m 2026; ???y l?? nh???ng gi??? ???nh ???c th?? c???a s??n, kh??ng ph???i b??o gi?? ??p d???ng cho m???i t??i kho???n. M???t l???nh gi???i h???n ch??? kh???p v???n c?? th??? kh??ng kh???p ???c, v?? tr???ng th??i maker/taker c???a l???nh tu??n theo quy t???c kh???p l???nh c???a s??n giao d???ch.
C??c l???nh mua ban ???u t???ng t??? s??? mang di???n m???o r???t kh??c n???u gi?? ti???p t???c gi???m. T???i 92, kh??ng c?? l???nh b??n n??o kh???p, hai ???n v??? c?? gi?? tr??? $184 v?? $6 ti???n m???t v???n c??n: v???n ch??? s??? h???u ???c ghi nh???n theo gi?? th??? tr???ng l?? $190, t???c m???c l??? ch??a th???c hi???n $10 tr???c ph?? so v???i s??? d?? ban ???u $200. H??? s?? ghi nh???n hai chu k??? l???i ho??n t???t ti???m n??ng $2 s??? kh??ng ph???n ??nh r???i ro t???n kho m??? n??y.
Thay v??o ???, n???u gi?? r??i th???ng l???i, c??c l???nh mua c?? th??? kh???p m?? kh??ng c?? l???nh b??n n??o di???n ra sau ???. T???n kho v?? r???i ro v??? th??? ph??nh to trong khi gi?? di chuy???n ng???c l???i gi??? ???nh ban ???u v??? d???i dao ???ng. N???u gi?? t??ng v???t ???nh d???i gi??, c??c l???nh b??n c?? th??? ???c th???c thi v?? chi???n l???c c?? th??? r??i v??o t??nh tr???ng thi???u h???t v??? th??? so v???i ??? t??ng ti???p di???n. L???i ph???i x??c ???nh r?? li???u n?? s??? d???ng l???i, ???nh t??m l???i, ph??ng h???, gi??? t???n kho hay b??? sung l???nh b??n ngo??i ranh gi???i ban ???u. M???i h??nh vi l?? m???t quy???t ???nh r???i ro ri??ng bi???t.
M?? h??nh h??a c?? ch??? kh???p l???nh th???c t???
L???nh gi???i h???n ch??? kh???p c?? th??? kh??ng ???c kh???p, kh???p m???t ph???n ho???c th???c thi tr???c khi m???t c?? ch???m bi???u ??? hi???n th??? ti???p c???n h??ng ???i. Ph?? ph??? thu???c v??o s??n giao d???ch v?? vi???c ph??n lo???i maker/taker. Ch??nh l???ch gi?? mua b??n v?? ??? tr???t gi?? c?? th??? tri???t ti??u kho???ng c??ch gi???a c??c m???c l???i l??n c???n. Tr??n h???p ???ng v??nh c???u c?? ???n b???y, funding rate, t??i s???n th??? ch???p, y??u c???u k?? qu??? duy tr?? v?? r???i ro thanh l?? s??? ??p d???ng c??ng v???i l???ng t???n kho c???a l???i. Kho???ng c??ch c??? ???nh c?? th??? h???p h??n chi ph?? trong m???t s??? ??i???u ki???n th??? tr???ng v?? r???ng h??n m???c bi???n ???ng k??? v???ng trong nh???ng ??i???u ki???n kh??c.
H??y ghi nh???n s??n giao d???ch v?? c??ng c???, quy t???c b???c gi?? tick v?? kh???i l???ng, ranh gi???i gi??, kho???ng c??ch, quy m?? l???nh, tr???n danh ngh??a t???ng th???, ti???n m???t d??? ph??ng, b???c ph?? v?? c??c gi??? ???nh chi ph??. M?? ph???ng xem c?? bao nhi??u m???c c?? th??? kh???p trong m???t ???t bi???n ???ng m???t chi???u v?? ??i???u g?? x???y ra n???u m???t l???nh b??? t??? ch???i ho???c h???y b???. ???nh gi?? l???ng t???n kho m??? theo c??ng m???c gi?? ??? n??u ???c d??ng cho ph???n c??n l???i c???a t??i kho???n, v?? t??nh c??? t???t c??? c??c kho???n ph?? ??? th???c hi???n. ???ng t??nh m???i chu k??? mua-b??n ho??n t???t nh?? m???t giao d???ch sinh l???i ri??ng bi???t trong khi ??? l???ng t???n kho c??n l???i kh??ng ???c ???nh gi??.
???i v???i m???t v??ng giao d???ch m???t ???n v??? giao ngay, g???i l???nh mua kh???p l?? B, l???nh b??n kh???p l?? S, v?? hai m???c ph?? theo t??? l??? l?? fB v?? fS. Tr???c c??c chi ph?? kh??c, thay ???i ti???n m???t r??ng l?? S ??? B ??? (B ?? fB) ??? (S ?? fS). N???u c??c l???n kh???p l???nh l?? $95 v?? $100 v?? m???i m???c ph?? gi??? ???nh l?? 0.10%, ch??nh l???ch g???p l?? $5.00, t???ng ph?? l?? $0.195, v?? k???t qu??? l?? $4.805 tr???c ch??nh l???ch gi?? mua b??n, tr???t gi?? ho???c b???t k??? chi ph?? n??o kh??c. C??ng th???c n??y gi??? ???nh c??? hai l???nh kh???p ???u di???n ra v?? b??? qua thu???, chuy???n ???i c??ng chi ph?? c?? h???i c???a t???n kho. Tr???ng th??i l???nh th???c t???, kh???i l???ng kh???p v?? t??i s???n t??nh ph?? c?? th??? l??m thay ???i s??? c??i.
B???c t??ng gi?? do ??? ph???i b?? ???p ???c chi ph?? c???a c??? hai ph??a c??ng v???i bi??n ??? d??? ph??ng cho s??? kh??ng ch???c ch???n khi th???c thi. L???i h???p c?? th??? t???o ra nhi???u s??? ki???n l???nh h??n trong khi mang l???i kho???ng c??ch g???p ??t h??n tr??n m???i c???p ho??n t???t; l???i r???ng h??n c?? th??? khi???n v???n nh??n r???i v?? c?? th??? hi???m khi giao d???ch. ???y l?? nh???ng gi??? thuy???t c???n ki???m th??? tr??n c??ng c??? v?? khung th???i gian ??? ch???n, ch??? kh??ng ph???i quy t???c chung cho r???ng m???t m???t ??? l???i n??o ??? lu??n l?? t???i ??u.
X??c ???nh tr???c ph???n ???ng khi b???t ph?? v??ng gi??
Tr???c khi ki???m th???, h??y ghi r?? ??i???u g?? s??? x???y ra khi gi?? ???ng c???a v???t ra ngo??i bi??n tr??n ho???c bi??n d???i: d???ng ???t l???nh v?? gi??? l???ng t???n kho c??n l???i, ???ng v??? th??? theo gi??? ???nh th???c thi ??? n??u, ???nh t??m l???i b???ng quy t???c ???c ???n ???nh t??? tr???c, ho???c ph??ng h??? theo m?? h??nh c??ng c??? ri??ng bi???t. M???t l???nh d???ng kh??ng ???m b???o m???c gi?? k??ch ho???t ho???c gi?? kh???p c???a n?? trong ??i???u ki???n kho???ng tr???ng gi?? gap ho???c th??? tr???ng chuy???n ???ng nhanh. C??c l???i ???c ???nh t??m l???i c??ng t???o ra m???t phi??n b???n quy t???c m???i; ???ng v??? l???i d???i gi?? sau khi ??? nh??n th???y k???t qu??? c???a c??ng cu???c ki???m th??? ??? r???i tr??nh b??y nh?? m???t k???t qu??? m???i tinh.
Ki???m tra xem c??ng c??? nghi??n c???u th??? hi???n ??i???u g??
C??c v?? d??? hi???n t???i c???a SuperQuant kh??ng tri???n khai tr??nh qu???n l?? l???nh l???i tr??n s??n giao d???ch. C??c backtest d???a tr??n quy t???c c???a n???n t???ng kh??ng th??? minh h???a c??c l???nh gi???i h???n ??ang x???p h??ng ch??? kh???p, vi???c t??? ???ng ???nh t??m l???i ho???c qu???n l?? t???n kho tr??n s??n giao d???ch. D??? li???u l???ch s??? theo gi??? ??i k??m l?? d??? li???u t???ng h???p. M???t m?? h??nh nghi??n c???u t??y ch???nh ph???i n??u r?? nh???ng gi??? ???nh n??y thay v?? ng??? ?? s???n ph???m ??? v???n h??nh l???i tr??n th??? tr???ng th???c t???.
H??y ???c c???m nang giao d???ch trong v??ng gi??, c??ch t??nh ph?? giao d???ch v?? c???m nang ???nh c??? v??? th???. L???i c?? th??? t??ch l??y r???i ro ???nh h???ng v?? g??y thua l???; b??i vi???t c?? ch??? n??y mang t??nh gi??o d???c, kh??ng ph???i l???i khuy??n hay cam k???t v??? l???i nhu???n.